  Hellenic Linux Information Sheet
  Georgios E. Keramidas, keramida@ceid.upatras.gr
  v1.0, 22 October 1997

           
  Linux,      Linux,   
  ,     .   
   Linux Information Sheet ( 4.11, 13  1997), 
     Michael K. Johnson, johnsonm@redhat.com
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents


  1.   Linux

  2.   Linux

  3.   (Hardware)

     3.1  
     3.2  
     3.3   

  4.     &  

  5.    Linux;

  6.     Linux

     6.1  FTP
     6.2 CDROM
     6.3      Linux

  7. 

  8.    Linux

  9.    Linux

  10.  

  11.   

  12.  & 



  ______________________________________________________________________

  [1m1.    Linux[0m

   Linux       POSIX ,
   SYSV  BSD  (     UNIX,  
        ),    
          .   
     Linus B. Torvalds Linus.Torvalds@Helsinki.FI
           .
   ``'',      GNU General Public
  License.


   Linux   public domain,    shareware.  
  ``'' ,      , 
              
       .     ,
            
  .    GNU General Public License  .  
         Linux,   
      ftp   prep.ai.mit.edu, 
  /pub/GNU/COPYING.


   Linux   ,      
  2.0,      .     
   GNU  ,        Linux,
          Linux.   :
           
  Linux,        .    
    .       ,
    GNU    Linux.


   Linux   386/486/Pentium   ISA, EISA, PCI  VLB
  .    MCA ( IBM)    ,
          kernels 2.1.x.  
  ,    <http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca>.


         Motorola 680x0 
  (    Amiga, Atari,  VME ),   
    .    68020  MMU,  68030, 68040, 
   68060.     FPU.     
        X .


   Linux     Alpha   DEC, 
      "Jensen", "NoName", "Cabriolet", "Universal
  Desktop Box" (   Multia),    .
    ,   
  <http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/FAQ.html>.


   Linux     Sun SPARCs;    sun4c  sun4m
        Linux,     sun4u
       .   Red Hat Linux  (
       )     Linux 
    SPARCs!       
  <http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl-sparc/>.


   Linux      PowerPC,
    PowerMac (Nubus  PCI), Motorola, IBM, 
  Be .


    Linux    ,  MIPS  ARM,
        .    
   ,       , 
            .


   Linux      ,    1.0 
     14   1994.    bugs 
  ,   bugs       
   .    Linux   ``  '',
         ,    
   `` ''.  ' ,    
        ,    
  :   2.x.y,   x   , 
           y
  .      2.0.2  2.0.3,  
      .    2.x.y,   x
     ,  beta-   
  developers.     ,   
         features 
    .     ,   
    kernel ,   ``''  ,
       kernel ,   
       .


        2.0.31 (    
       bugs ).  
         2.1..    2.0.
      ,      1.2.13
    .  '    2.0.  
    .         1.2
   2.0         !  
            
        .      Linux
  kernel   , Documentation/Changes,   
      .


       Linux,   ,  
  ,         
            `` 
  ''.   site       
  0.97p1 (    1992)    136  
     crash.  (      
          ...)
     uptimes    .   site 
        Linux 0.99p15s    600
  days      .


            Linux  
      ,     
   ,      
   .        
    (       )  
       .     
         ,  
    bugs,       
  ,    bugs    , 
     ,      ``''  
  .


   ,       
           project,  
         .   
           
    .       
      ,    
     .


   26 , 1997,     2.0.31  
     Linux,  2.1.57   .



  [1m2.    Linux[0m



    Multitasking:    .

     (multiuser):     
      (      !).

     (multiplatform):     CPUs,
          Intel.

    Multiprocessor:    SMP  Intel  SPARC
      (        
     ),   Linux    MP ,
         Beowulf ( 
     <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux-web/beowulf/beowulf.html>) 
      Fujitsu AP1000+     SPARC
     .

        (protected mode)  386 
       Intel .

         ,   
          ``''   .

         :  Linux  
              
     .

     copy-on-write    .   
             
        .       
     ,    (  4KB  ) 
      .   copy-on-write   :  
           .

        (  swapping
      )    :   
     partition      ,    ,  
         swapping   runtime
      (,   swapping ).     16
     swapping   128 MB   
     ,      2 GB  
     swapping .   , ,     ,
        .

            cache
     ,          
      caching,   cache       
     .

        (dynamically linked
     shared libraries) (    DLL's).  ,
        .

     core dumps     ,  
         debugger      
     ,     crash-.

           POSIX,  System V,   BSD
        .

      iBCS2-  ,   SCO, SVR3,
      SVR4   () .

         , 
       kernel    ,   
         !  ,   Linux 
        .    
        Linux    ,   
      ,    
      ,    .

        POSIX.

    pseudoterminals (pty's).

      387 FPU     kernel   
             .  
         Linux     
     .  ,        FPU, 
          ,    
           ,    
     .

           -- 
             .

      :   login sessions 
        ,     
     hot-keys (   video hardware).  These are dynamically
     allocated; you can use up to 64.

        ,  
     minix, Xenix,    system V filesystems (.. UFS), 
           ,   
        4 TB,      255
     .  ,     Linux,  
             
               ASCII NUL
     (0) (   VFAT, ..    
     ``*?<>|":/\\+=,; []'').

         MS-DOS partition ( OS/2 FAT
     partition)     :  
           MS-DOS partition, 
        Unix   (   
         ,    ,
     .).    partitions  MS-DOS 6   
         patch (dmsdosfs).   Linux 2.0  
     VFAT (WNT, Windows 95).

      ,   UMSDOS,   
        Linux   DOS partition.

     ( -)  HPFS-2 (OS/2 2.1).

       HFS (Macintosh) file system   
     module.

    CD-ROM filesystem which reads all standard formats of CD-ROMs.

    TCP/IP networking, including ftp, telnet, NFS, etc.

    Appletalk 

    Netware   

    Lan Manager (SMB)   

      :      
        kernels   TCP, IPv4, IPv6,
     AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (Appletalk), NetBEUI, Netrom,  .
            kernels
       TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, and AX.25.
  [1m3.    (Hardware)[0m

          Linux   
           Linux .
  '          
    .    Linux    
   !


  [1m3.1.   [0m

        setup   
      Linux: 386SX/16, 1 MB RAM, 1.44 MB  1.2
  MB floppy,     (+ ,
  , . ).         
        ,     
    .   
  <http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html>   ``'' Linux
  configurations.


     ,       
  , 5  10 MB         
  setup (          
    , ,    
   [minicom,term,.]).      
       ,    
       ,        
     .      
  ,         ,  
         Linux   
  .


  [1m3.2.   [0m

        ,   gcc,
   ,   TeX,        
   386SX/16,          
   .


   ,    4 MB  
  (RAM)     X,  8 MB   .
  ,       ,  
         ( 
  ),      4 MB  .
   Linux         (  
      2 MB),     
  (      )    
   ,    .    
   , 16 MB    swapping  .  
      swapping      
  load, 32 MB     .  ,  
     ``''  ,   
    .


            
      .      
  Unix , shells,     
        10MB      
    .      ,   Red
  Hat,  Debian,  Slackware,    , 
       60  300 MB,     
         .   
            .   
      ,    
  ,           .
    500 MB,   1 GB     ,
      .


    ,   ,   
  ,        ,  
             
   .  ,     Linux 
   DOS    Linux      
  ,    DOS        
   .   ,  ,       
  640 KB  DOS,    Linux   .


  [1m3.3.    [0m



     [1mCPU:[0m
             
           386 (    386, 486, 586, 
        686     ).  286   
                kernel,
           ELKS (Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset),  
           .      680x0
         ( x = 2   MMU, 3, 4,  6) 
          Amiga  Atari     tsx-11.mit.edu
          680x0.   DEC Alpha .  
        SPARCs   .     
          PowerPC, ARM,  MIPS .  
                 Linux
        Documentation Project.


     [1mArchitecture:[0m
        ISA  EISA .   MCA  (   
         PS/2)   ,   
          ( ).   Local  (VLB
         PCI) .  Linux      
         '   DOS,  Windows,     
         .      
        ,        ,
           ,    
           Linux.   Linux ,  ,  
         ...


     [1mRAM:[0m
         1 GB  Intel !     64-bit .
         (    Linus)     
             cache   
         ,         
           ,      cache.
             cache   
                
            (64 MB    
              cache   chipset).
          64 MB      
         ,   BIOS       64
        MB,   `   '.



     [1mData storage:[0m
         generic AT drives (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD
        controllers  MFM  RLL,  ESDI),   SCSI  
         CD-ROMs,   SCSI adaptor,   .
        ,  generic XT controllers (8 bit controllers
         MFM  RLL).     SCSI adaptors: Advansys,
        Adaptec 1542, 1522, 1740, 27xx,    29xx ( 
        ), Buslogic MultiMaster controllers ( 
        Flashpoint   beta-testing), controllers  
        NCR53c810, DPT controllers, Qlogic ISP  FAS controllers,
        Seagate ST-01  ST-02,   Future Domain TMC-88x (
         board   TMC950 chip)  TMC1660/1680,
        Ultrastor 14F, 24F  34F, Western Digital wd7000,  .
        SCSI, QIC-02,   QIC-80 tapes  .
         CD-ROM  , 
        Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony, Soundblaster, Toshiba,
        ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI,  .    ,  
        ``Hardware Compatibility HOWTO''.


     [1mVideo:[0m
         VGA,  EGA,  CGA,  Hercules (  )  
        text mode.      X,  
        ()   VGA,  super-VGA  ( 
             ET3000, ET4000, Paradise, 
         Trident chipsets), S3, S3-Virge, 8514/A, ATI,
        MACH8/32/64, Matrox Millenium & Mystique  Hercules.  (
        Linux   Xfree86 X server,    
         .     
         chipsets       
        .)


     [1mNetworking:[0m
           Ethernet    3COM
        503/509/579/589 ( 501/505/507    
        ), AT&T GIS (NCR) WaveLAN,     
          WD8390,       
        WD80x3 ,  NE1000/2000      ,
        AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link
        DE-600/620, DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422,
        Cabletron E2100 ( ), Intel EtherExpress (
        ), DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus,  
             AMD LANCE, NI5210, ni6510, SMC
        Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet,   Zircom
            Cabletron     E2100 
        ,       
              .


            FDDI   DEFxx  
         DEC.


           Point-to-Point   
         PPP, SLIP, CSLIP,  PLIP.


     [1m :[0m
          boards    16450   16550
        UART,   AST Fourport,  Usenet Serial
        Card II,  .   intelligent boards  
           Cyclades Cyclom (  
        ),   Comtrol Rocketport ( 
         ), Stallion (   boards, 
          ), and Digi ( boards, 
           ).   ISDN, frame
        relay,  leased line  .


     [1m :[0m
        SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16, Gravis Ultrasound, 
            ,    (;)  
         (Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), .




  [1m4.      &  [0m

          Unix   
  Linux,    GNU ,   X
     .  ,  `` '' 
  ,        
   ,   ,  ,   Linux
    POSIX     .  , 
       ,   
  .         Unix
          Linux.


           
     Linux:



     [1m Unix :[0m
        ls, tr, sed, awk    ( ,  Linux  
         ).


     [1m  :[0m
        gcc, gdb, make, bison, flex, perl, rcs, cvs, prof.


     [1m & :[0m
        C, C++, Objective C, Java, Modula-3, Modula-2, Oberon, Ada95,
        Pascal, Fortran, ML, scheme, Tcl/tk, Perl, Python, Common Lisp,
          .


     [1m :[0m
        X11R5 (XFree86 2.x), X11R6 (XFree86 3.x), MGR.


     [1m :[0m
        GNU Emacs, XEmacs, MicroEmacs, jove, ez, epoch, elvis (GNU vi),
        vim, vile, joe, pico, jed,  .


     [1mShells:[0m
        bash (POSIX sh-), zsh (   
         ksh), pdksh, tcsh, csh, rc, es, ash ( sh- shell
            BSD    /bin/sh),  
        .


     [1m:[0m
        Taylor (BNU-) UUCP, SLIP, CSLIP, PPP, kermit, szrz,
        minicom, pcomm, xcomm, term (  shells,
           ,   
          X,       modem), Seyon
        (    X-windows),  
          fax  voice-mail (  ZyXEL  
        modems) .  ,    login
            .


     [1mNews  mail:[0m
        C-news, innd, trn, nn, tin, smail, elm, mh, pine, .


     [1m :[0m
        TeX, groff, doc, ez, LyX, Lout, Linuxdoc-SGML,  .


     [1m:[0m
        Nethack,  Muds    X,   .   
           ,      
           tsx-11   sunsite.


     [1m :[0m
        AUIS,  Andrew User Interface System.    ez 
            .



      (        
     )  .    
     !      
        Linux.



  [1m5.     Linux;[0m

   Linux   ,      
    registration       
     ,       
      Linux.    
          Linux
            
   ,   newsgroups  Linux     
      Internet,       Linux
       ,    
      .  ' ,   ,
   Harald T. Alvestrand,   ,   
    Linux,       linux-
  counter@uninett.no      subjects: ``I use Linux at
  home'', ``I use Linux at work'', or ``I use Linux at home and at
  work''.  , ,      ``I don't use
  Linux'',   .      
  comp.os.linux.misc.



  [1m6.      Linux[0m


  [1m6.1.   FTP[0m

   Matt Welsh      `Installation and
  Getting Started' ,  2.2.2.  ,  Linux Documentation
  Project ( LDP)       
    ,   ()  
  SunSite,   /pub/Linux/docs/LDP/.     
  comp.os.linux.announce.     Linux Documentation Project
    <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP>.


     sites    Linux.




       Textual name                   Numeric address  Linux directory
       =============================  ===============  ===============
       tsx-11.mit.edu                 18.172.1.2       /pub/linux
       sunsite.unc.edu                152.2.22.81      /pub/Linux
       ftp.funet.fi                   128.214.248.6    /pub/OS/Linux
       net.tamu.edu                   128.194.177.1    /pub/linux
       ftp.mcc.ac.uk                  130.88.203.12    /pub/linux
       src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      /packages/linux
       fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de     129.187.200.1    /pub/linux
       ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.110    /pub/comp/os/linux
       ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de         137.226.4.111    /pub/linux
       ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de  137.226.225.3    /pub/Linux
       ftp.Germany.EU.net             192.76.144.75    /pub/os/Linux
       ftp.ibp.fr                     132.227.60.2     /pub/linux
       ftp.uu.net                     137.39.1.9       /systems/unix/linux
       wuarchive.wustl.edu            128.252.135.4    mirrors/linux
       ftp.win.tue.nl                 131.155.70.100   /pub/linux
       ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl           131.155.2.71     /pub/linux
       srawgw.sra.co.jp               133.137.4.3      /pub/os/linux
       cair.kaist.ac.kr                                /pub/Linux
       ftp.denet.dk                   129.142.6.74     /pub/OS/linux
       NCTUCCCA.edu.tw                140.111.1.10     /Operating-Systems/Linux
       nic.switch.ch                  130.59.1.40      /mirror/linux
       cnuce_arch.cnr.it              131.114.1.10     /pub/Linux
       ftp.monash.edu.au              130.194.11.8     /pub/linux
       ftp.dstc.edu.au                130.102.181.31   /pub/linux
       ftp.sydutech.usyd.edu.au       129.78.192.2     /pub/linux





   tsx-11.mit.edu   fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de   
  sites   Linux-GCC (GNU C Compiler   Linux).   sites
   mirror   sites.      site
      (  )     
  .


    sunsite.unc.edu   ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
    ftpmail.     
  ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu   ftp@informatik.tu-muenchen.de 
  .


      ,    
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions/,   
   .       
   : Red Hat Linux, Debian,  Slackware.


  [1m6.2.  CDROM[0m

        Linux  CDROM's.   
       MBs  Linux software,  
  ``''     28.8 modem   .


          Linux  CDROM: 
    archive  FTP site,     
   .     archive,   
          , 
     .       
   ,     ,   
         (   
       ).


  [1m6.3.       Linux[0m

    BBS's     Linux.     
     comp.os.linux.announce.     
   (user groups),      
  .          ``Linux
  distribution HOWTO'',    SunSite  
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/distribution-HOWTO.   
      newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce  .



  [1m7.  [0m

      ,  Linux    .
   ' ,   ``''    
        ``   Linux.''  ,
    ``,''     
           
     Linux .

              
         (FAQ)   FTP site,   
      USENET FAQ (e.g. rtfm.mit.edu).   
          ,  
  ,           
  (      ).



  [1m8.     Linux[0m

     Linux      , 
  copyrighted ,   public domain.  , , 
       GNU General Public License,  
     ``copyleft''.    GPL  
  .         Linux  
     ,        
    GPL,      Linux.  X   
   MIT   X,        
    BSD copyright.    , ,  
    FTP site    (   
    ).



  [1m9.     Linux[0m

    ,   ``Linux Journal'',  
      .   ,    
     ,         
    Linux.        $22  , $27
      ,  $32  ,  
    .       
      subs@ssc.com,   fax 
   +1-206-782-7191,     
  +1-206-782-7733,      : Linux
  Journal, PO Box 85867, Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA.    SSC,
     Linux Journal,    PGP   
          
      ;   ``finger info@ssc.com''
      .


    USENET newsgroups      Linux,
      .    `Linux FAQ' 
   `Hellenic Linux FAQ'     
   .


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce   moderated newsgroup 
      Linux ( , bug fixes, etc).


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.answers   moderated newsgroup 
    Linux FAQ,  HOWTO ,    
  .


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.admin    newsgroup 
        Linux .


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.system    newsgroup
          Linux kernel.  
            
           kernel.    
   , ,    Unix  
       newsgroup  comp.unix.* ,  
            
  Linux,       
  comp.os.linux.development.apps.


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.apps    newsgroup
           
  Linux.            
    Linux,         
         Linux.


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.hardware     
        (hardware)   Linux.


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.networking     
          
    Linux,        
    Linux.


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.x       Linux
    X Windows.


   newsgroup comp.os.linux.misc     
  comp.os.linux,         
      newsgroup.


  ,        newsgroups  Linux
  (crossposting).          
       Linux newsgroup ( moderated) 
       comp.os.linux.announce.    
     comp.os.linux   newsgroups   
      newsgroups.       
            flames.


   Linux      Web  
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP> .



  [1m10.   [0m

    Linux 1.0 ,    
    .   Linux 1.2  
      ,   ,
      (virtual memory),  
   , quotas,   .   Linux 2.0,  
   ,     ,    
  ,    ,    
    TCP/IP  ,  ,  .   
   ,        
       Linux 2.2.


       3/4     
  kernel,        ,  
   .       
  linux-doc@vger.rutgers.edu      
   .      
  majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu    ,    
   ``help''      (  Subject).



  [1m11.    [0m

         . ,
  <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>.       Linux
  Info Sheet,      Michael K. Johnson,
  <johnsonm@redhat.com>.       
    ,     .     
       ,    
  .  -      
   <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/translations/Hellenic>.



  [1m12.   & [0m

   trademarks,      ,   
     .       
      .      
    .       public domain,
            
     .









