   Oracle Database HOWTO
  Paul Haigh, paul@nailed.demon.co.uk
  v1.0, 10  1998

          Oracle Database Server
     Linux
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents


  1. 

     1.1  
     1.2  
     1.3 Disclaimer
     1.4    HOWTO
     1.5 
     1.6  

  2.     Oracle

     2.1   Server
        2.1.1    Oracle
     2.2   CDROM
     2.3    
        2.3.1    Root
        2.3.2    Oracle
        2.3.3     :

  3.    

     3.1    
     3.2   Script   
     3.3   Script   
     3.4    
     3.5    
     3.6     (Default User)

  4.   SQL*Net  Server

     4.1 (TT
     4.2 (TT
     4.3 (TT
     4.4     Listeners

  5.   (Client)

     5.1  Windows
     5.2  Unix

  6.   (Startup)   (Shutdown)

     6.1 (TT
     6.2 (TT

  7.  

     7.1 Intelligent Agent

  8.  / 

  9.    



  ______________________________________________________________________

  [1m1.  [0m

  [1m1.1.   [0m


    v0.1 - 21  1998 - Paul Haigh -  

    v0.2 - 01  1998 - Paul Haigh -    
     Proofreaders

    v1.0 - 10  1998 - Paul Haigh -    LDP

  [1m1.2.   [0m

  Oracle Database HOWTO copyright (c) 1998, Paul Haigh.

      Linux HOWTO,    
      ,   ,   ,
            
  .

       .  , 
         .  
     HOWTO   ,    
            
           .

  [1m1.3.  Disclaimer[0m

           
      ,        
     ,      
   .         HOWTO
          ,  
          HOWTO.



  [1m1.4.     HOWTO[0m

     HOWTO        
         Oracle   
    Linux. ,      Oracle
  server,    SQL*Net   client.


             
    .. Oracle,      
            O'Reilly 
  .


          Oracle  
  UNIX.        ,    
    SCO Developement System  SCO (  OpenServer 5.x),
              US
  $19,   www.sco.com.



  [1m1.5.  [0m

           
     HOWTO.
    [1mOracle Server CD    SCO Openserver (Version 7.3.3.0.0.)[0m

        [1m [22m    .     Oracle 
                . 
           SQL     
        PostgresSQL   .

              oracle,
             /  60
        ,         tar web
        site  Oracle.        
         .



    [1m Linux Server[0m


            ,   . ;


    [1m 2.0.30+[0m


                   
          .  (      2.0.30
        ...).


    [1miBCS[0m


                 
                 .
        (  iBCS-2.0-10.i386.rpm  Redhat Linux).


    [1m   [0m


        600 Mb+    .     
                 , 
              .  ,  
                 
        .



    [1m32Mb+ Ram[0m


            ,     
        Linux,      Oracle    
        .          SCO!


            Oracle    ,  
               Oracle     
        .


    [1m   Oracle[0m


             ,      
            .     Oracle 
          .




  [1m1.6.   [0m

       Oracle server      
  HOWTO.   ,     ,    
       HOWTO.


      Oracle Pro*   
     Oracle.

        Oracle server.

      Oracle Web Server.

       relink    Oracle.


  [1m2.      Oracle[0m

  [1m2.1.    Server[0m

  [1m2.1.1.     Oracle[0m

           
    Oracle.        relink 
    Oracle (   )   
       Oracle   
        group.     
  ORACLE   group DBA.


  1.   Root


  2.    oracle   group dba.


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ groupadd dba
       $ useradd  oracle
       ______________________________________________________________________




  3.    home directory    
     oracle.


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ mkdir /home/oracle
       $ mkdir /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0 (Version of Oracle)
       $ chown -R oracle.dba /home/oracle
       ______________________________________________________________________







  [1m2.2.    CDROM[0m

    Oracle Installer     SCO   .
      ,  core dumps 
  .   ,       
  CDROM     :

  (   CDROM   (mounted)  ).

  1.   Oracle

  2.  directory  /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0.

  3.        CDROM


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ cp -a /mnt/cdrom/* .
       ______________________________________________________________________




  4.      Oracle   CDROM.


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ find . -name *_ -exec ~/7.3.3.0.0/orainst/oiuncomp {} \;
       ______________________________________________________________________





  [1m2.3.     [0m

  [1m2.3.1.     Root[0m

       /etc/profile   .profile 
         Oracle.


       ______________________________________________________________________
       # Oracle Specific
       ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0
       ORACLE_SID=orcl
       ORACLE_TERM=vt100
       export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM

       # Alter path for Oracle
       PATH="$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin"
       ______________________________________________________________________





           
      Oracle ulimit increase.


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ chown root.root $ORACLE_HOME/bin/osh
       $ chmod u+s $ORACLE_HOME/bin/osh
       ______________________________________________________________________

  [1m2.3.2.     Oracle[0m

         Oracle   
    .


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ chmod +x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/*
       $ chmod u+s $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
       ______________________________________________________________________





     Oracle      
  directory$ORACLE_HOME/tool_name/mesg.  ,    msb
    directories msg_ship  directories mesg .


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ mv $ORACLE_HOME/plsql/mesg/mesg_ship/* $ORACLE_HOME/plsql/mesg/.
       $ mv $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/mesg_ship/* $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/.
       $ mv $ORACLE_HOME/svrmgr/mesg/mesg_ship/* $ORACLE_HOME/svrmgr/mesg/.
       ______________________________________________________________________




     directories   :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/log
       $ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit
       $ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/network/log
       ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m2.3.3.      :[0m

    directories     :

    $ORACLE_HOME/guicommon2/

    $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/

    $ORACLE_HOME/md/

    $ORACLE_HOME/mlx/

    $ORACLE_HOME/precomp/

    $ORACLE_HOME/slax/

  [1m3.     [0m

  ,  Oracle server     
          .

  [1m3.1.     [0m

     $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora 
  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora:
       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
       $ cp init.ora initorcl.ora
       ______________________________________________________________________




   ,    :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       db_name = orcl
       COMPATIBLE=7.3.3.0.0
       ______________________________________________________________________






  [1m3.2.    Script   [0m

     script    makedb.sql 
  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory:


       ______________________________________________________________________
       connect internal
       startup nomount
       set echo on
       spool makedb.log
       create database orcl
               maxinstances 1
               maxlogfiles  8
               datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_syst_01.dbf' size 40M reuse
               logfile
                       '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_01.dbf' size 1M reuse,
                       '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_02.dbf' size 1M reuse,
                       '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_03.dbf' size 1M reuse;
       @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
       create tablespace rollback
               datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_roll_01.dbf' size 8.5M reuse;
       create tablespace temporary
               datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_temp_01.dbf' size 5M reuse
               temporary;
       create tablespace users
               datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_user_01.dbf' size 10M reuse;
       create rollback segment r1 tablespace rollback
               storage ( optimal 5M );
       alter rollback segment r1 online;
       connect system/manager
       @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catdbsyn.sql
       connect internal
       @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
       connect system/manager
       @$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
       spool off
       exit
       ______________________________________________________________________






  [1m3.3.    Script   [0m

    svrmgrl    script:


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
       $ svrmgrl

       Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

       Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

       Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
       PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

       SVRMGR> connect internal
       Connected.
       SVRMGR> startup nomount
       ORACLE instance started.
       Total System Global Area       4313312 bytes
       Fixed Size                       41876 bytes
       Variable Size                  4140364 bytes
       Database Buffers                122880 bytes
       Redo Buffers                      8192 bytes
       SVRMGR> @makedb
       < >
       SVRMGR> exit
       Server Manager complete.
       ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m3.4.     [0m

  ,          ( 
    ).       
  Oracle      startup   
   :


























  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ svrmgrl

  Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

  Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

  Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
  PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

  SVRMGR> connect internal
  Connected.
  SVRMGR> startup
  ORACLE instance started.
  Total System Global Area       4313316 bytes
  Fixed Size                       41876 bytes
  Variable Size                  4140368 bytes
  Database Buffers                122880 bytes
  Redo Buffers                      8192 bytes
  Database mounted.
  Database opened.
  SVRMGR> exit
  Server Manager complete.
  ______________________________________________________________________





  [1m3.5.     [0m

         Linux server  
    (shutting down)     Oracle,  
      (corrupt)   .

  ,      Linux shutdown,  
     :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ svrmgrl

       Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

       Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

       Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
       PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

       SVRMGR> connect internal
       Connected.
       SVRMGR> shutdown
       Database closed.
       Database dismounted.
       ORACLE instance shut down.
       SVRMGR> exit
       Server Manager complete.
       ______________________________________________________________________








  [1m3.6.      (Default User)[0m

    ,  ,     
   .  :



       ______________________________________________________________________
       Username                Password

       SYSTEM                  MANAGER
       SYS                     change_on_install
       ______________________________________________________________________





           
   data dictionary information    .   
      passwords      
  .

      :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       sqlplus system/manager

       SQL*Plus: Release 3.3.3.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 21 12:43:33 1998

       Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1996.  All rights reserved.


       Connected to:
       Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release

       SQL> alter user system identified by <newpassword>;

       User altered.

       SQL> alter user sys identified by <newpassword>;

       User altered.

       SQL> exit;
       Disconnected from Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
       PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
       ______________________________________________________________________





      system/manager     
   root    UNIX,   
          .  (
           
  )

    SQL*Plus    :





  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ sqlplus system/manager

  SQL*Plus: Release 3.3.3.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 21 12:43:33 1998

  Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1996.  All rights reserved.


  Connected to:
  Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
  PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production

  SQL> create user <user> identified by <psw>
    2  default tablespace users
    3  temporary tablespace temp;

  User created.

  SQL> grant connect, resource to <user>

  Grant succeeded.

  SQL> exit
  Disconnected from Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
  PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
  ______________________________________________________________________




         ,     
   .          Oracle:


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ sqlplus <user>/<password>
       ______________________________________________________________________




           Oracle 
  .            
    Server,    ,  !

  ,  ,        
    ,        
  ,   .

  [1m4.    SQL*Net  Server[0m

           Oracle
  (SQL*Net,  Net8 for Oracle8).        
     server  $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.

  [1m4.1.  tnsnames.ora[0m

    TNSNAMES.ORA     
  .    (instance)     
      server  .    
      (database instance)  server ,
       :




  ______________________________________________________________________
  orcl.world =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS =
            (COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
            (PROTOCOL = TCP)
            (Host = <INSERT HOST NAME OF SERVER HERE> )
            (Port = 1521)
          )
          (ADDRESS =
            (COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
            (PROTOCOL = TCP)
            (Host = <INSERT HOST NAME OF SERVER HERE> )
            (Port = 1526)
          )
      )
      (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = ORCL)
      )
    )
  ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m4.2.  listener.ora[0m

    listener.ora       
        ,   
       listener  server.

           listener,  
       listener,   
  .

    :






























  ______________________________________________________________________
  # Name of listener and addresses to listen on
  LISTENER =
          ( ADDRESS_LIST =
                  (ADDRESS =
                          (PROTOCOL=tcp)
                          (HOST=<INSERT HOST>)
                          (PORT=1521)
                          (COMMUNITY=UK_SUP_TCPIP)
                  )
                  (ADDRESS =
                          (PROTOCOL=ipc)
                          (KEY=700)
                          (COMMUNITY=UK_SUP_TCPIP)
                  )
          )

  # List of services served by this listener
  SID_LIST_LISTENER=
          (SID_LIST=
                  (SID_DESC=
                          (SID_NAME=orcl)
                          (ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0)
                  )
          )

  # Start of configuration parameters.
  TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER=OFF
  TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = "listener"
  LOG_FILE_LISTENER = "listener"
  CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 10
  STOP_LISTENER = YES
  DBA_GROUP = dba
  ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m4.3.  sqlnet.ora[0m

    sqlnet.ora      
   .          
    listeners.         
     Dead Connection Timeout.

   Dead connection timeout     (process)
            
    (client)  .     (
  )     Oracle server shadow process
   (kill).

            
    ,        
         (exit cleanly)  
  ..  Oracle.

         sqlnet.ora  
  :








  ______________________________________________________________________
  TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT = OFF
  sqlnet.expire_time = 30         # The number of seconds between client checks.
  names.default_domain = world
  name.default_zone = world
  ______________________________________________________________________





  [1m4.4.      Listeners[0m

       listeners   SQL*Net ,
        ,  
   .  (,     
  ,         
  )

      listener    :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ lsnrctl

       LSNRCTL for SCO System V/386: Version 2.3.3.0.0 - Production on 23-FEB-98 20:38:25

       Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994.  All rights reserved.

       Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

       LSNRCTL> start
       Starting /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

       TNSLSNR for SCO System V/386: Version 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
       System parameter file is /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0/network/admin/listener.ora
       Log messages written to /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0/network/log/listener.log
       Listening on: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(DEV=6)(HOST=192.168.1.1)(PORT=1521))
       Listening on: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(DEV=10)(KEY=700))

       Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=magic.com)(PORT=1521)(COMMUNITY=UK_SUP_TCPIP))
       STATUS of the LISTENER
       ------------------------
       Alias                     LISTENER
       Version                   TNSLSNR for SCO System V/386: Version 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
       Start Date                23-FEB-98 20:38:50
       Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
       Trace Level               off
       Security                  OFF
       SNMP                      ON
       Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0/network/admin/listener.ora
       Listener Log File         /home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0/network/log/listener.log
       Services Summary...
         orcl          has 1 service handler(s)
       The command completed successfully
       LSNRCTL> exit
       ______________________________________________________________________




      listeners:




  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ lsnrctl

  LSNRCTL for SCO System V/386: Version 2.3.3.0.0 - Production on 23-FEB-98 20:43:20

  Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994.  All rights reserved.

  Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

  LSNRCTL> stop
  Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=magic.com)(PORT=1521)(COMMUNITY=UK_SUP_TCPIP))
  The command completed successfully
  LSNRCTL> exit
  ______________________________________________________________________




       DNS      IP  
  hostname  ,       listener 
      (2-3 .      
     DNS).    ,  , 
  .



  [1m5.    (Client)[0m

  [1m5.1.   Windows[0m

     SQL*Net  PC     
   Oracle Client   .    (
  )       
   ,      SQL*Net Easy
  Configuration     Oracle.

       interface  
  (wizard)         
  tnsnames.ora  sqlnet.ora.

   "Add Database Alias"       
  (alias)     when prompted.    
             ,
              
  (orcl   ).

     TCP/IP  ,   ,   hostname
       ..      
   .

   .

   ,      SQL*Net Easy Configuration 
  .        tnsnames.ora 
  sqlnet.ora files  $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory  ,
      server.        
      server (       
  ).


  [1m5.2.   Unix[0m

    UNIX        windows.
     Network Manager  Oracle     
     .   ,    
        server 
  $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.


  [1m6.    (Startup)   (Shutdown)[0m

  [1m6.1.  dbstart  & dbstop[0m

     (Startup)   (Shutdown)  
   Oracle    ( 7.3.3.0.0)   
  dbstart dbshut,        Oracle.   
        /etc/oratab   
  (     dbshut  dbstart   
  ).



   format   /etc/oratab   :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
       ______________________________________________________________________




   :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       orcl:/home/oracle/7.3.3.0.0:Y
       leaveup:/home/oracle/7.3.2.1.0:N
       ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m6.2.  init.d  & rc.d[0m


            
          
   Linux  .    ,     
   ,         Linux
  (slackware, debian, redhat, etc).      
    Redhat Linux 5.0.      ,  
      Linux,     Linux .
  (        UNIX  Sys V).

  ,     script     dbshut
   dbstart  directory /etc/rc.d/init.d.    
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle:














  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
  # Description: Starts and stops the Oracle database and listeners
  # See how we were called.
  case "$1" in
    start)
          echo -n "Starting Oracle Databases: "
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          su - oracle -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          echo -n "Starting Oracle Listeners: "
          su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          echo ""
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
          ;;
    stop)
          echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: "
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
          echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Databases: "
          su - oracle -c dbshut >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          echo ""
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          ;;
    restart)
          echo -n "Restarting Oracle Databases: "
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          su - oracle -c dbstop >> /var/log/oracle
          su - oracle -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          echo -n "Restarting Oracle Listeners: "
          su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
          su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "Done."
          echo ""
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
          echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
          touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
          ;;
    *)
          echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
          exit 1
  esac
  ______________________________________________________________________




            
   ,   .      (log
  file), /var/log/oracle   .

    script  ,    
   (symbolic links) start  kill   runlevel
  directories /etc/rc.d/rcX.d.

            
   runlevels 2,3 and 4:


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ ln -s ../init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
       $ ln -s ../init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
       $ ln -s ../init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S99oracle
       ______________________________________________________________________




           
    links:


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ ln -s ../init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle          # Halting
       $ ln -s ../init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle          # Rebooting
       ______________________________________________________________________




  [1m7.   [0m

  [1m7.1.  Intelligent Agent[0m

       Oracle Intelligent Agent,   
       .      IA
  :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ lsnrctl dbsnmp_start
       ______________________________________________________________________




      IA :


       ______________________________________________________________________
       $ lsnrctl dbsnmp_stop
       ______________________________________________________________________




             
      intelligent agent.   ,  IA 
   Enterprise manager    client    
    



  [1m8.   / [0m

         Bob Withers, bwit@pobox.com.
           
  Georg Rehfeld, rehfeld@wmd.de  David Mansfield,
  david@claremont.com.

          Bob Withers, Mark
  Watling, mwatling@mjw-ltd.demon.co.uk, Peter Sodhi,
  petersodhi@unn.unisys.com  Greg Hankins,
  greg.hankins@cc.gatech.edu.

           
             
     Bob Withers   Mark Watling  
       .


  [1m9.     [0m


   , , ,    
     HOWTO,  email    :
  voulariba@hellug.gr     : evris@hellug.gr 
   : ep@rocketmail.com









































