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3.4.4 Kevesebb gépelés változókkal és függvényekkel

By this point, you’ve seen this kind of thing:

hornNotes = \relative { c''4 b dis c }
\score {
  {
    \hornNotes
  }
}

You may even realize that this could be useful in minimalist music:

fragmentA = \relative { a'4 a8. b16 }
fragmentB = \relative { a'8. gis16 ees4 }
violin = \new Staff {
  \fragmentA
  \fragmentA
  \fragmentB
  \fragmentA
}
\score {
  {
    \violin
  }
}

However, you can also use these variables (also known as macros, or user-defined commands) for tweaks:

dolce = \markup { \italic \bold dolce }
padText = { \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0 }
fthenp=_\markup { \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd } \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p }
violin = \relative {
  \repeat volta 2 {
    c''4._\dolce b8 a8 g a b
    \padText
    c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
    c,4.\fthenp b8 c4 c-.
  }
}
\score {
  {
    \violin
  }
\layout { ragged-right=##t }
}

These variables are obviously useful for saving typing. But they’re worth considering even if you only use them once – they reduce complexity. Let’s look at the previous example without any variables. It’s a lot harder to read, especially the last line.

violin = \relative {
  \repeat volta 2 {
    c''4._\markup { \italic \bold dolce } b8 a8 g a b
    \once \override TextScript.padding = #5.0
    c4.^"hi there!" d8 e' f g d
    c,4.\markup { \dynamic f \italic \small { 2nd }
      \hspace #0.1 \dynamic p }
    b8 c4 c-.
  }
}

So far we’ve seen static substitution – when LilyPond sees \padText, it replaces it with the stuff that we’ve defined it to be (ie the stuff to the right of padtext=).

LilyPond can handle non-static substitution, too (you can think of these as functions).

padText =
#(define-music-function (padding) (number?)
  #{
    \once \override TextScript.padding = #padding
  #})

\relative {
  c'''4^"piu mosso" b a b
  \padText #1.8
  c4^"piu mosso" d e f
  \padText #2.6
  c4^"piu mosso" fis a g
}

Using variables is also a good way to reduce work if the LilyPond input syntax changes (see Updating files with convert-ly). If you have a single definition (such as \dolce) for all your input files (see @ref{Style sheets}), then if the syntax changes, you only need to update your single \dolce definition, instead of making changes throughout every ‘.ly’ file.

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